To step a parameter in LTSpice, simply place curly brackets around a variable name for the value you wish to step. We need to tell spice that we want to "step a parameter". To do this we us the "parm" syntax after the .step command. We need to tell the step command the parameter (variable) we want to step, the starting and ending value and the step increment.
Example: Let's say we want to step the value of a resistor from 10 to 100 ohms in 10 ohm steps. For the value of the resistor we use {R1}. Next, we use the ".step" spice directive followed by the step range and increment. We place the following directive on our schematic:
.step param R1 10 100 10
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)
Here is an example stepping a voltage supply:
4 comments:
Good post.
I've used and taught Multisim, but now looking for an inexpensive simulator to recommend and use personally.
LTspice looks good - in fact excellent for the price.
I was missing however the ability to parameter sweep - thanks for pointing it out, Its not obvious from the help files.
Hey James. I just found your blog from a Google search on ltspice when I was trying to remember how to do a parameter sweep (OK I really want to step a parameter sequentially in time during a transient simulation..) Good job on the blog though.
Hey DaltonHawkPaull, did you ever figure out how to do that? ( step a parameter sequentially in time during a transient simulation)
@sinbad I do this by using a voltage controlled switch and a pulsed voltage source, to switch in the new parameter (for example a resistor) at time t
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